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''Deutsches Reich'' () was the official name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1943 in German language. It translates literally to "German Empire", with a context approximating that of "German Realm".〔''Harper's magazine, Volume 63''. Pp. 593. The term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people, the term "'Kaiserreich''" literally denotes an empire - particularly a hereditary empire led by a literal emperor, though ''Reich'' has been used in German to denote the Roman Empire because it has a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was ''Deutsches Reich'' that is properly translated as "German Realm" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a "presidency" of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the German people but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state.〕 From 1943 to 1945, the official name was – but not formally proclaimed – ''Großdeutsches Reich'' ("Greater German Reich") on account of the new territories annexed into the state's administration during the Second World War. To refer to the entire period, the partially translated "German Reich" , which has no monarchical connotations, is often used,〔 with "German Realm" being a more appropriate direct translation of the official title.〔 Informally, this nation was also known simply as Germany. There were three periods in the history of the ''Reich'': 1. First Reich ((ドイツ語:Erste Reich)): Holy Roman Empire ((ドイツ語:Heiliges Römisches Reich)) 962–1806 later Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ((ドイツ語:Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation)), also called Old Empire ((ドイツ語:Altes Reich)) 2. Second Reich ((ドイツ語:Zweite Reich)): German Empire ((ドイツ語:Deutsches Kaiserreich)) 1871–1918 3. Third Reich ((ドイツ語:Drittes Reich)): German Reich ((ドイツ語:Deutsches Reich)) 1933-1943 later Greater German Reich ((ドイツ語:Großdeutsches Reich)) 1943-1945 Fourth Reich ((ドイツ語:Viertes Reich)): Fourth Reich is a theoretical future German empire that is the successor to Third Reich (1933-1945). The 1918–1933 Weimar period, which is also called German Reich is ignored and denounced by the Nazis as a historical aberration, contemptuously referring to it as "the System". In a 1923 book entitled ''Das Dritte Reich'' by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, that counted the medieval Holy Roman Empire as the first and the 1871–1918 monarchy as the second, which was then to be followed by a "reinvigorated" third one. ==Term== The name ''Deutsches Reich'' was occasionally applied in contemporary maps to the Holy Roman Empire (911–1806), also called "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" from the 16th century onwards, though it constituted a supranational entity extending beyond the frontiers of the German language area (''Sprachraum''). The first attempt to establish a "German Empire" during the 1848 March Revolution by the Frankfurt Constitution ultimately failed: it was aborted by the monarchs of the German Confederation, especially by the King of Prussia, fighting German nationalism, which then was tied to the idea of popular sovereignty. Following the ''Anschluss'' annexation of Austria in 1938, Nazi Germany informally named itself the Greater German Reich ((ドイツ語:Großdeutsches Reich)). This name was made the official state name only during the last two years (1943–45) of Nazi rule under Adolf Hitler,〔Decree RK 7669 E of the Reichsminister and head of the Reich chancellery Hans Lammers, 26 June 1943.〕 though the change was never proclaimed. After World War II, the denotation "German Reich" quickly fell into disuse in Allied-occupied Germany, however, the state's continued existence remained a matter of debate (see below). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「German Reich」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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